Ak prenajímateľ získal rozsudok o vysťahovaní, nájomca bude musieť nehnuteľnosť opustiť. Ak tak neurobí dobrovoľne, súdny exekútor pristúpi k nútenému vysťahovaniu. Čo sa potom stane s obsahom bytu nájomcu a kto je zaň zodpovedný?
Zákon zatiaľ na túto otázku neodpovedá. Politika týkajúca sa vysťahovaných vecí sa v jednotlivých obciach líši. V súčasnosti veci často umiestňuje na ulicu súdny exekútor, po čom väčšina obcí zabezpečí, aby boli veci odstránené a uskladnené a po určitom čase vrátené alebo zničené.
Mnohé obce však ukladajú prenajímateľovi (a niekedy aj súdnemu exekútorovi) za umiestnenie vecí na verejnej komunikácii príkaz podľa obecného nariadenia. Veci sa potom musia do určitej lehoty pod hrozbou pokuty odstrániť (zničiť/uschovať). Zákonodarca to považoval za nežiaduce, pretože v takomto prípade prenajímateľ nerobí nič viac, než že si vymáha svoje právo, a súdny exekútor len plní svoju zákonnú povinnosť. Okrem toho by to malo za následok skoršie zničenie vecí, aby sa predišlo vzniku sankčnej zodpovednosti.
Toto sa zmenilo od 1. apríla 2021. Od tohto momentu sa do § 556 ods. 3 Občianskeho súdneho poriadku dopĺňa tretí odsek. Podľa tohto odseku bude za vypratané veci z domácnosti zodpovedať obecný úrad. Kolégium sa potom musí postarať o odvoz a uskladnenie hnuteľných vecí pri vysťahovaní z obydlia. Tým sa vyrovnajú rozdiely na miestnej úrovni a upraví sa táto otázka na celoštátnej úrovni.
Nové ustanovenie nie je veľmi vhodné pre prenajímateľa. Je to preto, že vysoká škola sa stará o veci v domácnosti na náklady prenajímateľa. Takže je to stále prenajímateľ, kto hradí náklady na odvoz, uskladnenie a prípadné zničenie vecí. Ide teda o to, že prenajímateľ následne vymáha vzniknuté náklady od nájomcu. Tieto náklady možno od nájomcu vymáhať na základe už vydaného rozsudku o vysťahovaní. Skúsenosti však ukazujú, že v prípade väčšiny nájomcov nie je čo vymáhať a prenajímateľ zostane s prázdnymi rukami.
Stručne povedané: prenajímatelia už nebudú podľa nového zákona čeliť žiadnym sankciám v súvislosti s vyprataním/skladovaním vypratanej nehnuteľnosti, ale stále budú znášať náklady.
Zdroj: Advokáti v oblasti bývania v Rotterdame
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